The reading of the final communiqué of the summit of NATO in Warsaw, in addition to being a tedious and a ‘masochistic’ exercise, gives you the idea of the measures the alliance took, and especially about the rhetoric of narrative that supports these measures and the view that the Atlantic Alliance wants to give of itself.

As Ilya wrote, the copious lines dedicated to Russia and the “threat” that it would represent in Eastern Europe and the Middle East – directly on the military level are addressed by the strengthening of the NATO military presence in Lithuania, Estonia, Latvia and Poland with up to 3000 troops. At the same time, the communiqué stresses the need to strengthen the “hybrid” capability [3]. We should note that NATO also decided to renew its commitment to occupying Afghanistan despite the fact that several countries of the Alliance have already gone out and in the absence of an exit strategy from the quagmire they left in that country.

But the rhetoric about the Russian threat is countered by the suggestion of collaboration with Moscow in Syria and, in perspective, in the whole Middle East. A decision that takes note of the results of Russian military intervention to support Assad and the failure of NATO countries’ strategy in support of the armed opposition. A few days later, US Secretary of State Kerry flew to Moscow to discuss a proposal for direct collaboration on the Syrian front [4].

The US goal of “stabilizing” Middle East and Arab region after the Arab uprisings and Syrian war has always been clear to those who do not read the reality with glasses obscured by ideology, and today this “stabilization” needs the cooperation of Moscow and Assad himself.

It should be stressed that the Italian government has long claimed its position to reopen channels of cooperation with Moscow and that the minister of defense Pinotti considered as an Italian victory to have convinced the allies to take this road. In fact, in Warsaw NATO has shown again the full extent of its structural weakness: on the one hand, we have the largest military alliance in world history, with more offensive and technological capabilities than ever before; on the other, it continues to be troubled by tensions between the different members, so as to make it a gathering of political mediation between the members themselves more than a real military intervention structure. So while NATO reaffirms its “indisputable” political and military assessments – as in regard to its presence in Afghanistan or in its confrontation with Russia, the positions and the actual conduct of the different member countries are drifting far apart. And the internal difficulties of the European Union, particularly in view of Brexit, increase the Alliance’s weakness.

The Alliance however didn’t give up its ambition to expand its potential capacity – both in terms of military spending (as you can read in the final communiqué “Collectively, in 2016 the Allies’ defense expenditures have increased for the first time since 2009) and membership. In just two years, a majority of Allies have halted or reversed declines in defense spending in real terms. Today, five Allies meet the NATO guideline to spend a minimum of 2% of their Gross Domestic Product on defense. Ten Allies meet the NATO guideline to spend more than 20% of their defense budgets on major equipment, including related Research & Development”) and the preparation for rapid intervention and deployment forces [5]

In essence, on the one hand, NATO continues its projection towards east, providing the excuse needed by Russia (based not only perceptions but facts) to resume its rearmament policies and an aggressive posture motivating them as a defensive policy; on the other side, the effective and real activation of Alliance structure continues to be hampered by the different member’s interests. Perhaps most importantly, the summit in Warsaw did not broach the subject of phasing NATO, or at least reconsidering policies that make war possible in different parts of the world. If such ideas were being considered within the alliance in the immediate post-Cold War moment, now they are the monopoly of anti-war activists. Knowing the extent of our responsibility and our limited means of influence, we have formulated a program consisting of the following interrelated steps:

* opposition to military spending (acquisition of instruments of death), which is a real scandal in a period of social, pension costs, educational cuts and so on;

* opposition to the arms trade, working for a progressive conversion of defense factories and production;

* opposition to military action outside the borders of one’s nation state and refusal to allow other countries to use one’s nation state’s territory for foreign interventions in the form of military bases.

* opposition to dictatorships, whether friendly or opposed to one’s nation state and a principled rejection of cooperation, political, military, intelligence and diplomatic support.

* building a direct relationship and solidarity with all those groups, organizations, movements that are fighting in their countries against militarization, for freedom, justice and dignity. In particular, we have to build a bridge with the pacifists and opponents of Putin’s regime and Arab Revolutionary forces, both of whom are struggling for popular participation and freedom from autocrats well integrated in the geopolitical dynamics.

The indivisibility of this agenda is not a way to exclude other demands–but it offers us a path of credibility in the eyes of public opinion in our country and to people and organizations with whom we want to work. We cannot be neutral: we stand close to people who rise against injustice in the Arab region, we are with those who fight against authoritarianism in every country, beyond its geopolitical position – Russia, Turkey, Egypt or Saudi Arabia. Together with antiwar and social activists across the containment line, we need to struggle on both sides of that line, challenging the story of inevitable confrontation and the need to prepare for it, fighting chauvinism and militarism, and building supportive relationships and mutual support.

Pietro Maestri