March 25, 2013–Readers might recall that the Central African Republic was the country in which U.S. Marines dumped Jean Bertrand Aristide, his family and his advisors in 2004 following the coup d’etat in Haiti on February 29 of that year. The Marines forced President Aristide onto their kidnap flight under threat of leaving he and his family at the mercy of the U.S.-sponsored paramilitaires conducting the coup.

President Aristide, his family and his entourage spent some two weeks under house arrest in the Central African Republic until they were rescued by a mission that included U.S. Congresswoman Maxine Waters, Randall Robinson and journalist Amy Goodman. They flew to Jamaica. Following intense pressure on Jamaica by the U.S. to expel the Aristides, the latter accepted a South Africa offer of exile. They lived there until their return to Haiti in March 2011.

Roger Annis

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 Central African Republic rebels seize capital and force president to flee

Seleka rebels accuse CAR’s president, François Bozizé, of reneging on peace deal to integrate opposition fighters into army

Reuters in Bangui, The Guardian, Sunday 24 March 2013

Rebels in Central African Republic (CAR) have seized control of the capital, Bangui, after fierce fighting, forcing President François Bozizé to flee. At least nine South African soldiers were killed trying to prevent the rebels taking Bangui, dealing a blow to Pretoria’s attempt to stabilise CAR and assert its influence in the region.

Fighting broke out last week in the former French colony and rebels quickly swept south towards Bangui with the aim of toppling Bozizé, whom they accuse of breaking a January peace deal to integrate opposition fighters into the army.

“We have taken the presidential palace,” Eric Massi, a spokesman for the Seleka rebel coalition, told Reuters. Senior government officials confirmed that the rebels had captured the city of more than 600,000 people, which lies on the banks of the Oubangi river bordering Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). Residents reported widespread looting of homes and businesses.

“The looting is bad. Both the population and Seleka are involved,” said one senior UN official in Bangui. “We are not sure who is in charge. I don’t think it is clear yet. It is too early in the game.”

The violence is the latest in a series of rebel incursions, clashes and coups that have plagued the landlocked nation, which has rich deposits of gold, diamonds and uranium, since its independence from France in 1960.

Bozizé’s whereabouts were uncertain. A presidential adviser said he had crossed the river into DRC on Sunday morning as rebel forces headed for the presidential palace.

France announced that it was sending more troops to secure Bangui’s airport and protect more than 1,200 French citizens who live in the country.

DRC’s government asked the UN Refugee Agency to help move 25 members of Bozizé’s family out of the border town of Zongo. The information minister, Lambert Mende, said the president was not among them.

CAR has extensive and unprotected borders, and the rebel takeover may add to instability in the turbulent region. It was one of several countries where US special forces were helping local soldiers hunt down the Lord’s Resistance Army, a rebel group originally from Uganda that has killed thousands of people across central Africa.

As the loose coalition of rebels, some of whom are former rivals, tightened their grip on Bangui, it was unclear who would replace Bozizé or whether the prime minister, Nicolas Tiangaye, and his power-sharing government would remain in place.

The rebels received several key ministerial portfolios in the government under January’s peace deal but accused Bozizé of unfairly keeping important posts for his loyalists.

Nelson Ndjadder, a spokesman representing Seleka’s CPSK faction, said the rebels would begin a transition process towards elections that would include all political groups. “This situation must not lead to any vengeance, pillaging or score-settling, which we would quickly condemn and bring those responsible to justice,” Ndjadder said in a statement. A Reuters witness, however, saw youths looting houses, including the residence of Bozizé’s son Francis, in the northern part of Bangui.

Rebel fighters directed looters towards the houses of army officers, but fired their rifles in the air to protect the homes of ordinary citizens, the witness said.

Seleka’s forces had fought their way to the northern suburbs of the capital late on Saturday before an overnight lull in the fighting. Massi said the rebels had broken through a line of South African soldiers during their push into the city. Around 400 South African troops were deployed in the country as military trainers.

“I saw the bodies of six South African soldiers. They had all been shot,” a Reuters witness said. Later, he saw three more bodies in burned-out South African military vehicles.

Regional peacekeeping sources said the South Africans had fought alongside CAR’s army on Saturday to prevent rebels entering the capital.

A UN source in Bangui said South African troops were preparing to leave the country. “They took substantial losses and have asked for French support to load their troops and take off,” said the source.

Several peacekeepers from the Central African regional force, including three Chadians, were killed on Saturday when a helicopter operated by Bozizé’s forces attacked them, Chad’s presidency said in a statement. Bozizé seized power in 2003 with Chad’s support, and Chadian forces have since intervened on several occasions to fend off attempts to depose him.

* http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2013/mar/24/central-african-republic-rebels-capital

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From Associated Press:

Hundreds of French soldiers already were in the country, some of whom were sent in to protect French interests in the former colony. Bozize had appealed to Hollande for help, but the French president said he would not be protecting the government. Other French soldiers have been providing technical support and helping to train the local army, according to the French defense ministry.

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 What’s at stake in the Central African Republic?

Neo-Colonial intrigue, minerals, militarism and the struggle for sovereignty and unity.

Abayomi Azikiwe, Pambazuka News, 2013-01-09, Issue 612

Recent events in the Central African Republic (CAR) provides a test-case for the future of the continent and the role of imperialist governments in their ongoing interventions into the internal affairs of various nation-states. Threatened with a rebel alliance, known as Seleka, the regime of President Francois Bozize has been making an effort to remain in power by requesting the assistance of France as well as regional states in and around central Africa.

Bozize’s government has enjoyed French support for many years. A former colony of Paris, the country of 4.4 million is rich with mineral resources that have not been effectively utilized for the benefit of the majority of people inside country.

As rebel forces have taken several cities and rural areas in the north of the CAR, President Bozize has refused to leave office as a pre-condition for peace talks with Seleka. The ruling ‘Kwa Na Kwa’ (KNK) party (Sango for ‘Work, only Work’) led by Bozize, announced on 3 January that the president’s resignation was unacceptable.

CAR government spokesman, Cyriac Gonda, told the international press that ‘The question of President Bozize leaving…will be rejected systematically if it is proposed. For us, the solution is to form a unity government with everyone.’ (Reuters, January 3)

In contrast a representative of the Convention of Patriots for Justice and Peace, an affiliate of Seleka, said that no peace deal would be possible without the president leaving office. Reports from inside the country say that rebel groups are within 45 miles of the capital of Bangui.

An opposition leader and former Prime Minister, Martin Ziguele, said on3 January that the issue of Bozize leaving office should be placed on the table at peace talks in Libreville, Gabon. ‘There will be no taboo subjects in Libreville, all options will be on the table,’ Ziguele stressed.

REGIONAL INVOLVEMENT AND IMPERIALIST INTERVENTIONS

In December Bozize made an appeal to the former colonial power of France to assist the government in halting the rebel advances. France responded by deploying additional troops in order to protect its personnel in the country but has refused to supply military forces to attack the Seleka rebels.

France had intervened in December 2006 with air power to prevent a previous attack on the Bozize government. The country has witnessed numerous episodes of civil war and military coups since it won independence in 1960.

At the same time regional leaders in Africa have provided troops in support of Bozize’s government. These states include Chad, Gabon, Cameroon and Angola. Gabonese Gen. Jean-Felix Akaga is in charge of the regional force operating under the Economic Community of Central African States (CEEAC). According to Akaga, ‘If the rebels attack Damara, it’s a declaration of war. Damara is the red line that the rebels cannot cross.’

Bozize, a former military officer, came to power in a coup in March 2003. Although Bozize said initially that he would not run for office, by 2005 the KNK had been established by a coalition of small political parties, business leaders and civic groups that selected Bozize as their candidate for president.

In the elections held on 13 March and 8 May of 2005, Bozize won 43 percent of the vote in the first round and 64.6 percent in the runoff. The KNK party won 42 out of 105 seats in the National Assembly. The KNK has described itself as a social democratic party without theories. In a statement from Bozize, he said that ‘The Kwa Na Kwa is a working person’s party in the tradition of Social Democracy. Its objective is to mobilize the population, raise awareness, and move towards development, in the sense of the fight against poverty: through work.’

Bozize continued noting that ‘It is only through work that we can change the situation we face in this country. The Kwa Na Kwa is a tool to combat idleness, laziness and laxity. It is a party different from others in the sense that this is not a party of theories.’ The KNK party claims to be in alliance with the founder of the CAR, Bethelemy Boganda. Boganda advocated the necessity of the government to house, feed, educate, heal and clothe the people.

The opposition rebel forces are largely based in the north of the country. They say their grievances stem from the failure of the KNK to honor an agreement signed with them in 2007 and 2011 that mandated financial assistance to the dissidents.

The Seleka group consists of several parties including the Union of Democratic Forces for Unity, the Wa Kodro Salute Patriotic Convention and the Convention of Patriots for Justice and Peace. The fighters inside the rebel coalition are veterans of previous rebel movements and mutineers from the national army of the CAR. It is estimated that Seleka has up to 2,000 members while the CAR military has a standing force of 3,500. Two leading figures inside the rebel coalition are Michel Djotodia, the president and Eric Neris Massi, the son of Charles Massi, a former minister in the Bozize administration.

France has maintained a permanent presence in the country since its independence in 1960. The United States deployed Special Forces to the country in October 2011 ostensibly on a mission to track down remnants of the formerly Ugandan-based Lord’s Resistance Army (LRA).

MINERAL RESOURCES UNDERLINE WESTERN INVOLVEMENT

The CAR is known for its wealth in mineral resources. This state is well-endowed with copper, diamonds, gold, graphite, ilmenite, iron ore, kyanite, lignite, limestone, manganese, monazite, quartz, rutile, salt, tin and uranium. Although the country is host to these resources the sale of which only constitute approximately 7 percent of its gross domestic product, mainly in the diamond and gold sectors. The gold and diamond production mostly comes from the regions of Berberati, Haute-Kotto and Haute-Sangha.

In 2010, the CAR was ranked 14^th among the world’s producers of rough diamonds by volume and 12^th in regard to value. Mining firms from Canada, South Africa and the US are cited as being involved in the exploitation of these resources.

According to a survey conducted by Yadira Soto-Viruet in 2010, ‘CAR’s exports to the United States were valued at about $5.6 million in 2010 compared with about $3.4 million in 2009; rough diamonds accounted for $3.3 million of these exports. Imports from the United States were valued at about $10.3 million in 2010 compared with about $31.4 million in 2009. This total included nearly $2.7 million for drilling and oilfield equipment and $12,000 for excavating machinery.’ (The Mineral Industries of Central African Republic, Ivory Coast and Togo)

African states must resolve the conflict inside the CAR in order to avoid further French and US military involvement. The country typifies the crisis facing modern African nations which are resource rich but lack the internal cohesiveness and ideological orientation that could foster progress and national unity.

If the talks in Libreville fail to bring into existence a government of national unity in the CAR, the consequences will be disastrous for the people. Prospects for a national unity accord could embolden governments in central Africa to move forward with greater cooperation in the areas of economic and political development.

* http://pambazuka.org/en/category/features/85864

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